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Multitarget stool DNA screening test
Multitarget stool DNA (sDNA) testing (trade name: Cologuard; Exact Sciences (company) Corporation, Madison, WI, USA) is a noninvasive screening test developed to detect biomarkers associated with colorectal cancer or precancerous lesions. Multitarget sDNA testing differs from other noninvasive colorectal cancer screening tests in that it looks for both abnormal DNA and blood (hemoglobin) in the stool, which can be released from cancerous and precancerous cells or from the underlying blood vessels, respectively. The test is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the United States in individuals 50 years or older who have no signs or symptoms of colorectal cancer and have an average risk of developing the disease.〔(【引用サイトリンク】release )">url=http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm409021.htm )〕
Screening for colorectal cancer is vitally important, as it can detect precancerous lesions in the colon before they become cancerous, and can identify colorectal cancer in early stages when it is easier to treat. The (American Cancer Society ) and many other organizations recommend screening for colorectal cancer beginning at age 50 in general, and even earlier in African Americans. Despite evidence that supports the effectiveness of screening for colorectal cancer and the availability of a variety of screening methods, only 59% of the US population aged 50 and older report being screened as recommended. Barriers to screening include cost, a lack of access to health care, low awareness of the need for colorectal screening, inadequate communication by health care providers about the importance of screening, differences in patient and provider testing preferences, and (on a personal level) fear and embarrassment.〔 Many people are hesitant to undergo a colonoscopy (the primary and most frequently recommended screening method to which other colorectal cancer screening tests are compared〔〔〔) because they fear it will be painful and/or they feel it is inconvenient, as it involves cumbersome bowel preparation and the need to take time off from work. There is also a lack of awareness about noninvasive screening alternatives to colonoscopy. This is important because providing a choice of noninvasive screening options significantly increases participation in colorectal cancer screening.
==Medical uses==
The Cologuard multitarget sDNA test is a noninvasive test used to screen for the presence of colorectal cancer or precancerous lesions. It uses a stool sample to identify 11 biomarkers known to be associated with colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions, including altered DNA and blood hemoglobin. A positive result may indicate the presence of precancerous lesions or colorectal cancer, and should be followed by colonoscopy. Following publication of a pivotal, prospective clinical trial, the Cologuard test was approved in August 2014 by the FDA as a screening test for adults 50 years or older who have no signs or symptoms of colorectal cancer and have an average risk of developing the disease.〔 It is available by prescription only. The (American Cancer Society ) recommends screening with multitarget sDNA testing every 3 years, starting at age 50.〔 The Cologuard test also is available in the European Union.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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